py21cmsense.observation.Observation

class py21cmsense.observation.Observation(*, observatory, hours_per_day=6, obs_duration=NOTHING, integration_time=60, n_channels=82, bandwidth=8, n_days=180, bl_min=0, bl_max=inf, redundancy_tol=1, coherent=True, spectral_index=2.6, tsky_amplitude=260000, tsky_ref_freq=150, uv_cov=None)[source]

A class defining an interferometric Observation.

Parameters
  • observatory (Observatory) – An object defining attributes of the observatory itself (its location etc.)

  • hours_per_day (float or Quantity, optional) – The number of good observing hours per day. This corresponds to the size of a low-foreground region in right ascension for a drift scanning instrument. The total observing time is n_days*hours_per_day. Default is 6. If simulating a tracked scan, hours_per_day should be a multiple of the length of the track (i.e. for two three-hour tracks per day, hours_per_day should be 6).

  • obs_duration (float or Quantity, optional) – The time assigned to a single LST bin, by default the time it takes for a source to travel through the beam’s FWHM. If a float, assumed to be in minutes.

  • integration_time (float or Quantity, optional) – The amount of time integrated into a single visibility, by default a minute. If a float, assumed to be in seconds.

  • n_channels (int, optional) – Number of channels used in the observation. Defaults to 82, which is equivalent to 1024 channels over 100 MHz of bandwidth. Sets maximum k_parallel that can be probed, but little to no overall effect on sensitivity.

  • bandwidth (float or Quantity, optional) – The bandwidth used for the observation, assumed to be in MHz. Note this is not the total instrument bandwidth, but the redshift range that can be considered co-eval.

  • n_days (int, optional) – The number of days observed (for the same set of LSTs). The default is 180, which is the maximum a particular R.A. can be observed in one year if one only observes at night. The total observing time is n_days*hours_per_day.

  • bl_min (float, optional) – Set the minimum baseline (in meters) to include in the uv plane.

  • bl_max (float, optional) – Set the maximum baseline (in meters) to include in the uv plane.

  • redundancy_tol (int, optional) – The number of decimal places to which baseline vectors must match (in all dimensions) to be considered redundant.

  • coherent (bool, optional) – Whether to add different baselines coherently if they are not instantaneously redundant.

  • spectral_index (float, optional) – The spectral index of the foreground model. The foreground model is approximated as a spatially-independent power-law, and used only for generating sky noise temperature. The default is 2.6, based on Mozdzen et al. 2017: 2017MNRAS.464.4995M, figure 8, with Galaxy down (see also tsky_amplitude and tsky_ref_freq).

  • tsky_amplitude (float or Quantity, optional) – The temperature of foregrounds at tsky_ref_freq. See spectral_index. Default assumed to be in mK.

  • tsky_ref_freq (float or Quantity) – Frequency at which the foreground model is equal to tsky_amplitude. See spectral_index. Default assumed to be in MHz.

Methods

__init__(self, \*, observatory[, …])

Initialize self.

clone(self, \*\*kwargs)

Create a new instance of this instance, but with arbitrary changes to parameters.

from_yaml(yaml_file)

Attributes

Trms

The effective radiometric noise temperature per UV bin (i.e.

Tsky

Temperature of the sky at the default frequency

Tsys

System temperature (i.e.

baseline_groups

A dictionary of redundant baseline groups.

frequency

Frequency of the observation

kparallel

1D array of kparallel values, defined by the bandwidth and number of channels.

n_lst_bins

Number of LST bins in the complete observation.

redshift

Central redshift of the observation

total_integration_time

The total (effective) integration time over UV bins for a particular LST bin.

ugrid

Centres of the linear grid which defines a side of the UV grid corresponding to uv_coverage() and its derivative quantities.

uv_coverage

A 2D array specifying the effective number of baselines in a grid of UV, after earth rotation synthesis for a particular LST bin.